Offset
Printing Explained:
This is the most commonly used method of printing where
an image on a plate is “offset” onto rubber
blanket cylinders which, in turn, transfers the image
to a sheet of paper. The process is based on making the
printing image ink receptive and water repellent, while
the non-printing areas are rendered water receptive and
ink repellent. Offset presses may have more than one printing
unit, with each delivering a different color. They come
in a range of sizes and can accommodate single sheets
as well as rolls of paper.
Thermography
Explained:
Similar to engraving in appearance, thermography involves
applying powder to a slow-drying ink. After the excess
powder is vacuumed away, heat is applied. The curing of
the ink and powder causes it to swell, creating a raised
impression. Thermography costs less than engraving and
is often used on business cards and stationary. The process
is not appropriate for printing halftones or large areas
of color, which are likely to have a pitted or mottled
appearance.
Foil
Stamping Explained:
Paper is stamped with a hot die that presses a thin plastic
film carrying colored pigment against the paper. Plastic
film comes in more than two hundred colors, including
pearlized effects and metallics, as well as clear foil
stamps that mimic the look of a varnish. Because the process
can render a completely opaque image, foil stamping is
often used to apply a light-colored image against a dark-colored
paper. In addition to applications on any paper that can
withstand heat, foil stamping is also suitable for pens
and pencils, cloth book covers, vinyl binders, toys, and
other nonpaper applications. When foil stamping is combined
with embossing, it’s called foil embossing. The
process involves applying foil first and then the emboss.
Screen
Printing Explained:
A squeegee is pulled across a silk screen to which a stencil has been applied, forcing the ink onto the surface of the paper or substrate. More labor intensive than offset, screen printing is used for printing on surfaces not accommodated on an offest press, such as fabric, industrial papers, acrylic and metal. The process can be done by hand or machine. Halftone screens need to be coarse, ranging from 65 to 85lpi. Often used for printing signage, bottled garments and other unusual shapes and surfaces.
